Medically Reviewed:
Dr. Randy Gelow, MD, FASAM
Ray Hamilton, DNP, PMHNP-BC, FNP-C
Last Updated: April 2, 2025
Steroid addiction is a growing concern, especially among athletes and bodybuilders who seek rapid muscle growth and performance enhancement. While steroids can offer short-term physical gains, they come with significant health risks and potential for addiction. This article explores the causes, signs, and treatments for steroid addiction, providing vital information for anyone affected by this serious condition.
Steroids, specifically anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), are synthetic substances that mimic testosterone, the male sex hormone. They’re used medically to treat conditions like delayed puberty and muscle loss due to diseases. However, non-medical use is common, especially among those wanting to enhance their physical performance or appearance.
When someone decides to abuse steroids for muscle mass or athletic prowess, they often ignore the side effects and risks that come with them. These drugs may help build muscle, but they do so by altering natural hormone levels, leading to physical and psychological complications.
Used to treat inflammation and autoimmune conditions.
Used to promote muscle growth and improve strength. This type also often leads to dependency and misuse.
Steroids interfere with the body’s natural production of hormones. This alteration in hormone levels can affect everything from mood to muscle growth. The brain’s reward system also plays a role. Steroids can increase dopamine levels, creating a sense of well-being that users chase again and again.
Steroids also suppress the natural production of testosterone. This leads to several problems:
Yes, you can. Though steroids do not produce a high like drugs such as opioids or cocaine, they can still lead to both psychological and physical dependence. Over time, users may begin to rely on steroids to maintain their physique, confidence, or energy levels.
As users build tolerance, they may take higher doses to maintain results. This can lead to harmful consequences and compulsive use, even in the face of negative side effects or health risks.
Many athletes and bodybuilders use steroids to gain a competitive edge. The pressure to perform or meet expectations can be overwhelming, making steroid use seem like a necessary shortcut.
People struggling with body image issues, particularly those with body dysmorphic disorders, may feel they are never muscular or lean enough. This can lead to compulsive behaviors, including steroid misuse.
Conditions such as anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem can increase the risk of substance abuse. Some individuals may turn to steroids to boost confidence or feel better temporarily.
Steroid use is often normalized in certain circles, especially in gyms or bodybuilding communities. Seeing others achieve fast results can create a strong desire to follow suit.
Steroid abuse is linked to high blood pressure, increased risk of stroke, and heart attacks.
Oral steroids, in particular, are processed through the liver and can lead to long-term liver damage. Kidney strain is also common with extended use.
Steroid abuse can shrink testicles, reduce sex drive, cause infertility, and lead to breast development in men.
When someone stops taking steroids after long-term use, they may go through steroid withdrawal. These effects can be intense and may require medical supervision. Common withdrawal symptoms include:
These withdrawal symptoms are a major reason why people relapse and continue abusing steroids. Medical and psychological support is essential during this phase.
Diagnosing steroid addiction, particularly anabolic steroid use disorder, involves a combination of clinical assessment and laboratory tests.
Medical professionals assess patients based on symptoms and behavioral changes. A thorough medical history is also taken to identify patterns of steroid use. Urine tests may be conducted to detect the presence of steroids in urine. Hormone levels are also assessed in some cases.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) provides criteria for substance use disorders, which can be adapted for anabolic steroid use to help diagnose addiction.
This is the first step in many treatments for steroid addiction. Medical professionals monitor the patient to ease withdrawal symptoms and stabilize their health.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can help individuals identify the reasons they abuse steroids and develop healthier coping strategies. Therapy also addresses body image concerns and underlying mental health issues.
Some medications may help balance hormone levels or treat specific symptoms like depression or insomnia. Hormone therapy may be needed in severe cases.
Joining a recovery group or 12-step program provides ongoing encouragement and accountability. Shared experiences help reduce isolation and shame.
Depending on the severity of addiction, patients may benefit from residential care or outpatient addiction treatment. Both options offer access to medical support, therapy, and lifestyle coaching.
Steroid addiction is more common than many realize, especially among those driven by pressure to excel or improve their appearance. While steroids may offer fast physical gains, the long-term side effects, withdrawal symptoms, and health consequences far outweigh the benefits.
If you or someone you know is struggling, know that treatments for steroid addiction are available and effective. Early intervention, compassionate care, and professional support can make a powerful difference in reclaiming health and well-being.
Our addiction treatment facilities in Scottsdale, Arizona, offer a wide range of services, including a comprehensive approach to treating substance abuse. Our team of addiction specialists can provide quality assessments to ensure treatment options are tailored for each one of our clients.
Achieve long-term sobriety today and reach out to explore your options.
